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- March 1, 2023
- PCB knowledge
- (0)
- 06 mins
Keyboard PCB – a comprehensive guide
A conventional keyboard includes a keyboard PCB as a necessary component. It is a base for the mechanical workings of a keyboard, including the switches. It connects the parts of the keyboard to the computer via Bluetooth or USB connectivity. It detects the keystrokes on the keyboard and interprets them for the computer in digital signals.
The keyboard PCB design is determined by the keyboard variant and its supplier. Some standard layouts they take include ISO, ANSI, and custom layouts. Others are more universal and can take the form of multiple configurations.
What is a keyboard PCB?
The efficiency and consumer experience of a mechanical keyboard are enhanced through an effective keyboard PCB. It also has a vital role in the feel and quality of the typing experience. So, what is a keyboard PCB?
A keyboard PCB is a board used in mechanical keyboards to connect elements and key switches to the computer, as per the simple definition. It acts as an electrical pathway or communication between the computer and the keyboard.
Key switches are only another element of a keyboard PCB. Some of the other features include capacitors, resistors, and diodes. Some of the roles that these components play include macro support, programmability, interpreting keystrokes, and LED lighting.
How do keyboard PCBs work?
Key switches on keyboard PCBs link mechanical keyboards to computers. This ensures smooth communication between the two entities. Metal contacts join the key switches to the PCB. These contacts close whenever a user presses the keys. Once the PCB notes the connection, it registers it as a keystroke. Then the digital signal goes to the computer.
Keyboard PCBs make use of USB or Bluetooth connectivity to complete the link. In addition, they can perform other roles, such as LED lighting, programmable keys, and assigning different vital functions.
What PCB should I get for my keyboard?
The sort of PCB you should choose for your keyboard depends on a number of things. These factors include your desired features, switch compatibility, and keyboard layout. Choosing a PCB that matches the specific switch type and structure is necessary for custom layouts.
The typical layouts include ISO and ANSI, while the standard switches include Cherry MX Switches.
Another factor to consider is the presence of macro or programming features—also, the overall build quality and RGB lighting functionality matter. If unsure of the PCB type, contact a manufacturer or visit PCB forums online.
How many layers is a keyboard PCB?
The number of layers will depend on the features of the keyboard PCB and its specific design. Basic keyboard PCBs have two layers. The uppermost layer has the traces and components, while the layer at the bottom has a ground plane. Many keyboards use this basic arrangement, allowing diodes, key switches, and all other essential components to fit perfectly.
More advanced keyboards have extra layers for wireless connectivity, macro programming, and LED lighting. For instance, customized keyboards can have four or six more layers. Sometimes, the layers can be more than this. Extra layers offer enhanced flexibility and customization features for users. But the challenge is the cost and increased complexity of the PCB.
Characteristics of keyboard PCBs
Here are the most widely known characteristics of keyboard PCBs:
- Designed to support specific keyboard layouts such as ISO, ANSI, and other custom layouts.
- Supports specific switch types such as Kailh switches, Alps, and Cherry MX.
- Supports several numbers of layers.
- Keyboard PCBs support several components, including diodes, switches, LEDs, resistors, and capacitors.
- They have enhanced programmability, such as the presence of onboard controllers in some. These controllers enable the user to assign different functions to keys, customize critical mappings, and program macros.
- RGB lighting capabilities.
- Some keyboard PCBs have wireless connectivity capabilities. This allows users to connect their keyboard to the computer.
- Have good quality and reliability.
What’s the difference between mechanical and membrane keyboards?
These are the two main categories of computer keyboards, and they differ in various ways. The following attributes are where mechanical and membrane keyboards diverge most:
Key switches
Membrane keyboards use a single rubber dome membrane for their keys. A mechanical keyboard, on the other side, has keys that are individually controlled by mechanical switches. Mechanical keyboards feature a haptic sensation, but membrane keyboards have a squishy, rubbery sensation.
Tactile feedback
Mechanical keyboards have a unique tactile response when pressed. This helps to boost the accuracy and speed of typing. Also, several folks love the mechanical keyboard’s gratifying haptic reaction.
Durability
Despite the fact that longevity varies depending on use, mechanical keyboards survive better than their membrane competitors. Rubber dome membranes usually wear and tear quickly.
Cost
Compared to mechanical keyboards, membrane keyboards are more affordable and widely available. However, the components in a mechanical keyboard make it costlier.
Noise level
The unique tactical response from mechanical keyboards makes them louder than membrane keyboards. While some people may find such noise levels distracting, others enjoy the feedback.
Customization
It is easier to customize a mechanical keyboard than a membrane keyboard. Some available customization features include RGB lighting and programmable macros.
How to build a custom mechanical keyboard?
Here’s a step-by-step guide to building a mechanical keyboard:
- Choose a keyboard PCB – choose a keyboard PCB that matches the layout and switches you want to use. Plenty of options online, depending on the features you’re looking for.
- Select keycaps and switches – once you have your keyboard PCB, choose the keycaps and switches to use. Switches vary based on their feel and sound. Since the keycaps are available in different styles and materials, you should be picky.
- Solder components – solder every element to the PCB. Use the proper soldering techniques and observe safety precautions.
- Test and program the keyboard – test the keyboard to ensure everything works fine. Programming may be necessary for macros, key mappings, and other features. Onboard controllers on some PCBs even make programming a lot easier.
- Assemble the keyboard – after programming and testing, secure, align, and fasten all the components correctly.
Considerations when purchasing mechanical keyboard PCB
Some of the considerations to have in mind when purchasing a mechanical keyboard PCB include the following:
- Price. Consider your budget before purchasing. There are many budget-friendly options in the market.
- RGB lighting. If you’re a fan of RGB lighting, consider a keyboard PCB with this feature.
- Build quality. Consider the construction, track record, and solid components used. Check reviews from other users too.
- Programmability. Consider whether you want a keyboard PCB with programmable features.
- Layout. Check the layout of the PCB beforehand.
- Compatibility. Check the compatibility before making a buying decision.
What is a keyboard PCB?
A keyboard PCB is a board used in mechanical keyboards to connect elements and key switches to the computer, as per the simple definition. It acts as an electrical pathway or communication between the computer and the keyboard.
How do keyboard PCBs work?
Key switches on keyboard PCBs link mechanical keyboards to computers. This ensures smooth communication between the two entities. Metal contacts join the key switches to the PCB. These contacts close whenever a user presses the keys. Once the PCB notes the connection, it registers it as a keystroke. Then the digital signal goes to the computer.
How many layers is a keyboard PCB?
The number of layers will depend on the features of the keyboard PCB and its specific design. Basic keyboard PCBs have two layers. The uppermost layer has the traces and components, while the layer at the bottom has a ground plane. Many keyboards use this basic arrangement, allowing diodes, key switches, and all other essential components to fit perfectly.
Final thoughts
That’s about everything that you need for a keyboard PCB. At IBE, we are always ready to assist our clients in tackling their PCB and PCBA needs. With years of experience in this industry, you are guaranteed nothing short of quality and outstanding services. So talk to us today and find out more about our offerings.
